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Highlights:
Body Structure: Penguins have a distinct body structure adapted for swimming rather than flying. Their wings are modified into flippers, which they use to propel themselves through water with remarkable agility. They have a sturdy, torpedo-shaped body that allows them to glide efficiently underwater.
Coloration: Most penguins have a black and white plumage, with a black back and a white belly. This coloration is known as countershading, which helps them blend into the ocean from above and below—predators find it harder to spot them in the water.
Size: Penguin species vary in size. The Emperor Penguin, the largest of all species, can stand over 4 feet tall, while smaller species like the Little Blue Penguin only reach around a foot in height.
Penguins are most commonly associated with Antarctica, where species like the Emperor Penguin and Adélie Penguin thrive in the freezing cold. However, penguins also inhabit more temperate and even tropical regions. The Galápagos Penguin, for example, is found on the Galápagos Islands near the equator.
Their habitat is usually coastal, with penguins spending a significant amount of time in the ocean hunting for food and on land or ice for breeding and resting.